![]() ![]() With the boom in farming in recent years in various countries, many farmers usually use antibiotics to prevent various diseases in animals, although in the short term the use of antibiotics can affect the structure and function of the microbial community, leading to the disappearance of some microbial populations and their functions (Grenni et al., 2018), with some effect on the prevention of some diseases. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed in surface water, sewage treatment plant effluent, soil and animal excreta (Qiao et al., 2018). A major reason for this is due to the misuse of antibiotics (Wang et al., 2021a), which has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in the environment.Īntibiotic resistance is ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the major threats to health and food security in the 21st century (Shi and Wang, 2018) and is a major environmental issue that countries around the world must now face. The alteration of these microbial colonies and the mutation of pathogenic bacteria can pose a significant threat to humans and other organisms. ![]() It has been demonstrated that the dominant microbial colonies in cities at various economic levels vary significantly, with the less economically developed cities having Clostridium as their dominant genus due to the heavy use of fertilizers from agricultural activities and the more economically developed cities having Deinococcus as their dominant genus as a result of excessive human activity and high levels of car exhaust (Rao et al., 2020). Most plants grow in the soil, so the composition of the soil microbial community is directly influenced by the plant microbial community (Waldrop and Firestone, 2006). Human activities can cause deterioration of water quality through the discharge of domestic sewage into the water, which can lead to microflora imbalance (Zheng et al., 2019). The microflora in the caves of the landscape has been altered in the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria due to various actions of visitors (Kukla et al., 2018). Microbial communities in the gut of zebrafish ( Danio rerio) can change depending on food and environment (Stephens et al., 2016). However, the composition of microbial colonies in different ecosystems varies greatly due to factors such as climatic conditions, pollutant concentrations and human activities (Tian and Wang, 2020). Microbial communities are found in all environments and play an important role in the regulation of the aquatic ecosystems (Shang et al., 2022). This study provides the basis for understanding the environmental microbial distribution in estuaries and the prevention of environmental health risks from ARGs and microplastics. Blue and white were the dominant MP colors in the five regions 0.5–2 mm was the dominant MP size, and cellulose, rayon, and polyester comprised the highest proportion of the plastic polymers. A total of 248 ARG subtypes were detected in the five regions, belonging to nine classes of ARGs ( Aminoglycoside, Beta_Lactamase, Chlor, MGEs, MLSB, Multidrug, Sul, Tet, Van). The results show that the dominant phyla in the five functional regions are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant genera are Hydrogenophaga, Synechococcus, Limnohabitans and Polynucleobacter. At the same time, the quantity, type, abundance, and distribution of two types of emerging environmental pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microplastics (MPs), are explored in the water samples from different functional areas. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technique was used to explore the microbial diversity and differences in the water environment of the Pearl River Estuary in Nansha District with various land use types such as the aquaculture area, industrial area, tourist area, agricultural plantation, and residential area.
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